Kanji List
Produced in 2015 by the following four scholars:
Japanese dictionaries list around 10,000 kanji. The Japanese government limited the kanji used in official publications to the 1945 touyou kanji with about 4000 readings. The Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JLPT) is based on these 1945 touyou kanji. A Japanese with average education knows around 3000 kanji and it is estimated that.
- Japanese dictionaries list around 10,000 kanji. The Japanese government limited the kanji used in official publications to the 1945 touyou kanji with about 4000 readings. The Japanese Language Proficiency Test (JLPT) is based on these 1945 touyou kanji. A Japanese with average education knows around 3000 kanji and it is estimated that.
- Generate a kanji list for learning Japanese. The purpose of this form is to a list of kanji, adapted to the preferences of the learner.
- Kanji: Trace and Practice with Kanji list (Furigana and meaning) (PDF)- - look at the 'Kanji stroke order' page above to learn the stroke order of each kanji character, meanings and readings of the kanji compunds introduced in each chapter.
Kanji List Pdf
Katsuo Tamaoka - Nagoya University, Japan
Shogo Makioka - Osaka Prefecture University, Japan
Sander Sanders - Kumulus Centre, Netherlands
Rinus G. Verdonschot - Waseda University, Japan
Background
In 1981 the Japanese government established a standardized list containing 1945 basic Japanese kanji characters. This list was titled the JōyōKanji-hyō (the list of commonly-used kanji). The JōyōKanji-hyō has been used to standardize Japanese printed texts including newspapers, magazines and educational materials. Two decades later, Tamaoka, Kirsner, Yanase, Miyaoka and Kawakami (2002) produced the first web-accessible database containing these 1945 standardized kanji. In 2004, using the Japanese lexical database of Amano and Kondo (1999, 2000), Tamaoka and Makioka calculated additional information (e.g. word frequencies based on the Asahi Newspaper from 1985 to 1998). As such they produced the fourth edition of the web-accessible kanji database which now included several mathematical indexes such as: entropy, redundancy and symmetry. However, recently (2010) the official Jōyō kanji list has been revised by the Japanese government. It now includes a total of 2136 Japanese kanji which are to serve as a basis for official communication in Japanese. Please refer to the details of the new Jōyō kanji available in Japanese at the Web-site of the Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs: https://www.bunka.go.jp/kokugo_nihongo/sisaku/joho/joho/kijun/naikaku/kanji/joyokanjisakuin/index.html.
Present Database
Kanji lists play an important role in Japanese psycholinguistic research (e.g. Verdonschot et al., 2013). In order to make the detailed properties of the new kanji in the list available to researchers in psychology and linguistics, we have developed a novel web-accessible kanji database including an advanced corpus (i.e. Mainichi Newspaper from 2000 to 2010). The new kanji database also includes a wide range of important properties such as: kanji frequency, On- and Kun-reading frequencies, On-reading ratio, kanji productivity of two-kanji compounds, symmetry of kanji productivity, entropy, number of meanings, etc. This easy-to-use web site (https://www.kanjidatabase.com/) has especially been developed to grant effortless access to the database and allows for:
- Easy selection of kanji from the database following criteria which can be defined by the user, as well as
- Pasting of kanji (or even complete texts) and looking up specified properties from the pasted kanji in the database.
- Selection of jukugo (2 kanji combined) in different ways
- Selection of kanji and/or jukugo by means of SQL commands
- Export results as CSV or XML files
Resource
To create the current 2136 Jōyō kanji database, we used 11 years of the all-Japanese version of the Mainichi Newspaper from 2000 to 2010. The morphological parsing program MeCab0.991 counted 477,264 morphological units (type frequency) and a total token frequency of 299,695,840 out of this newspaper corpus. Excluding proper nouns from this database, the count was 368,841 for type frequency and 282,816,611 for token frequency. There are four kanji symbols which are not included in Shift Japanese Industrial Standards (Shift-JIS) (i.e.,「𠮟」「塡」「剝」「頰」) which were transformed to the same kanji symbols included in Shift-JIS (i.e.,「叱」「填」「剥」「頬」). Using the total frequency of 282,816,611 morpheme units, the present kanji database calculated the frequency of each of the 2136 commonly-used Jōyō kanji.
Quotation
Please quote the usage of this database/website as: Tamaoka, K., Makioka, S., Sanders, S. & Verdonschot, R.G. (2017). www.kanjidatabase.com: A new interactive online database for psychological and linguistic research on Japanese kanji and their compound words. Psychological Research. 81, 696-708.
Contact
If you have any questions regarding the novel 2136 Jōyō Japanese kanji database, please contact: Katsuo Tamaoka (Nagoya University, Japan) at ktamaoka (at) lang.nagoya-u.ac.jp or Rinus G. Verdonschot (Waseda University, Japan) at rinusverdonschot (at) gmail.com.
Kanji List Flashcards
Kanji List Wiki
References:
Kanji List By Radical
- Amano S. & Kondo T. (1999, 2000).
Nihongo no goi tokusei [Lexical characteristics of Japanese words]. Tokyo: Sanseido. - Tamaoka, K., Kirsner, K., Yanase, Y., Miyaoka, Y., & Kawakami, M. (2002).
A Web-accessible database of characteristics of the 1,945 basic Japanese kanji. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers, 34, 260-275. - Tamaoka, K., & Makioka, S. (2004).
New figures for a Web-accessible database of the 1,945 basic Japanese kanji, fourth edition. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers, 36, 548-558. - Verdonschot, R.G., La Heij, W., Tamaoka, K., Kiyama, S., You, W-P., & Schiller, N.O. (2013).
The multiple pronunciations of Japanese kanji: a masked priming investigation. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 66, 2023-2038. - Tamaoka, K., Makioka, S., Sanders, S. & Verdonschot, R.G. (2017).
www.kanjidatabase.com: a new interactive online database for psychological and linguistic research on Japanese kanji and their compound words. Psychological Research, 81, 696-708.
Version: Mei 18, 2021 15:55 scripts © S.Sanders